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10. Appendix

Appendix 1
Organization structure


Appendix 2
Comparison of strength for whole hemp stem KP pulp and whole kenaf stem KP pulp

Item Pulp of whole hemp stalks Pulp of whole kenaf stems
Beating Degree ºSR 44.5 45
Basis weight g/M2 101.9 101.3
Density g/cm3 0.68 0.72
Tensile Index N.m/g 73.5 64.2
Burst Index Kpa.m2/g 4,.5 4.3
Tear Index mN.m2/g 6.87 5.68
Folding number Twin 1201 636

Appendix 3
Testing of hemp fiber morphology in Liaoning

Testing item Hemp region Bast Fiber Core Fiber
Fiber length (mm) Average
Maximum
Minimum
General		 16
30
3
12-25		 0.54
0.93
0.31
0.54-0.72
Fiber width (µm) Average
Maximum
Minimum
General		 18.53
31.04
8.26
12.39-24.78		 19.33
28.91
12.43
14.51-24.78
Aspect ratio   864 28
Fiber cavity diameter (µm) Average
Maximum
Minimum
General		 5.8
10
2
4-8		 10.1
18
4
4-10
Fiber wall thickness (µm) Average
Maximum
Minimum
General		 7.4
10
5
6-9		 2.4
4
2
2-3
Wall cavity ratio   2.55 0.48

Appendix 4
Comparison of fiber morphology between hemp and other materials

Region and Material   Fiber length(mm) Fiber width (µm) Aspect Ratio Cavity Diameter (µm) Wall thickness (µm) Wall Cavity Ratio
(Liaoning No Hemp) Bast 16 18.53 864 5.8 7.4 2.55
  Core 0.54 19.33 28 10.1 2.4 0.48
(Shandong Kenaf) Bast 2.22 17.34 128 7.5 3.6 0.96
  Core 0.75 19.23 39 32 1.5 0.09
Cotton stalk Bast 2.26 20.6 113 4.3 5.8 2.7
  Core 0.86 27.7 30 18.9 2.7 0.28
Early wood         31.7 3.2 0.20
Pine   2.27 41.1 55      
Late wood         12.2 6.3 1.03
Fast growing PX Xiao   0.78 21.32 37 14.3 3.1 0.44
Hai T.S. Huang EtyLiang            

Fast growing E. Saligna Sm   0.92 15.57 59 6.9 2.8 0.81
Softwood   3 37        
Hardwood   1 30        
Bamboo   1.76 14 177.1   5.30  
Reed   1.43 15 116.9   5.04  
Bagasse   1.70 20 108.3   1.90  
Rice Straw   1.45 12 173.5   1.83  
Wheat Straw   1.48 13 116.9   3.21  
Hubbard (Guangxi)   2.10 10.4 202      
Sisal   2.75 21 131      

Appendix 5
Chemical composition of hemp and kenaf etc. raw materials for paper manufacturing

Varieties Water Ash Solution Solvent   %          
  % % Cool Hot   1 % Pectin Pentosan Protein Lignin Cellulose
      Water Water Ether NaOH % % % % %
Whole hemp stem 9.38 2.24   5.78   29.96   18.29   14.97 51.32
Bast 9.29 2.85 6.45 10.50 5.03 30.76 2.00 4.91   4.03 69.51
Core   2.20       12.40   25.40   21.92 46.58
(Liaoyang Whole Kenaf) 8.37 3.53   9.72   36.35   17.83   16.70 50.40
Bast   4.60       25.62   8.20   13.75 68.30
Core   3.40       30.98   24.10   22.42 45.20
Softwood 10.76 0.52 1.57 2.91 2.02 14.34 1.03 11.12 0.62 27.85 50.86
Hardwood 11.83 0.57 1.54 2.91 1.19 18.47 1.73 24.25 0.73 20.01 48.34
Bamboo 12.39 1.24 2.31 5.99 0.65 30.29 0.75 23.06   31.80 45.44
Reed 14.13 2.96 2.12 10.69 0.74 31.51 0.25 22.46 3.40 25.40 43.55
Bagasse   3.66 7.63 15.88 0.85 26.26   23.51   19.30 42.16
Rice Straw 9.87 15.5 6.85 28.50 0.65 47.70 0.21 18.06 6.04 14.05 36.20
Wheat Straw 10.65 6.04 5.36 23.15 0.51 44.56 0.30 25.56 2.30 22.34 40.40
Hubbard   6.09       43.80   22.75   12.62 44.53
Sisal   0.64           18.87   8.51 59.78

Appendix 6
Comparison of black liquor properties of whole stalk hemp with that of other raw materials

Item measured Hunan Whole Hemp Stalk Shandong hemp stalk White hemp Whole Hemp Whole Flax Wheat straw Amur Silver Grass Red Pine
% Silica 0.12 0.12 0.06 0.21 0.22 7.48 2.36 0.21
% Total alkali (NaOH) 24.5 22.8 29.1   22.8 21.9 22.0 19.8
% organic substances 67.0 67.0 66.2 67.0 69.8 70.1 68.7 71.4
% inorganic substances 33.0 32.7 33.8 33.0 30.4 31.3 31.31 28.6
Organic:Inorganic 2.03:1 2.05:1 1.96:1 2.03:1 2.25:1 2.19:1 2.50:1  
Heat value /kcal/kg solids) 3300 3260 3370 3400 3560 3380 3570 3660

Appendix 7
Test results of brightness, pulp sheet strength of unbleached pulp from whole hemp stalks and TCF bleached pulp

Item Beating degree ºSR Basis weight g/m2 Tensile index Nm/g Burst Index Kpam2/g Tear index mNm2/g Folding number Brightness %
Bench scale unbleached pulp 43.5 61.40 88.50 4.20 6.75
475		 32.5
Unbleached pulp QB1679-93Unbleached KP softwood pulp C level 45 60 68.0 4.50 11.0    
Bench scale bleached pulpHardwood By-A Level 4445 61.35
60		 85.35
0.0		 4.15
3.60		 6.40
6.5		 466 65.5
85

Appendix 8
Test result of production experiment for whole hemp stem unbleached pulp and TCF bleached pulp

 Item Unit   Soda catalyst Cooking from whole stem hemp
Unbleached pulp Bleached pulp
Beating degree ºSR 44 44
Basis weight g/m2 58.6 60.3
Tensile index N.m/g 69.4 53.3
Tear index mN.m2/g 6.55 6.50
Burst index Kpa.m2/g 2.56 2.24
Folding Number Twin 19 10
Brightness % 42 65.3

Appendix 9
Unbleached pulp of whole hemp stalk for production trials by soda-catalyst cooking,
the standard of YB 1679-93 unbleached KP softwood pulp

Item Unit Whole hemp pulp QB1679-93 unbleached softwood sulfate pulp
Beating degree ºSR 44 44
Basis weight g/m2 58.6 60
Tensile index N.m/g 69.4 68.0
Burst index Kpa.m2/g 2.56 4.50
Tear index mN.m2/g 6.55 11.0

Appendix 10
TCF bleached pulp sheet strength for production trials by soda-catalyst cooking,
the standard of GB/ T1678-93 the bleached softwood KP pulp

Item Unit Bleached pulp of whole hemp stem
Br-C(Br Softwood)		 QB1678-93 bleached sulfate Wood pulp
By-A(By Hardwood)
Beating degree ºSR 44 45
Basis weight g/m2 60.3 60
Tensile index N.m/g 53.3 50.0
Burst index Kpa.m2/g 2.24 3.60
Tear index mN.m2/g 6.50 6.50
Brightness % 65.3 72

Appendix 11
Balance sheet of materials

The amount of demand of whole stem hemp: 0.2 million tons/yr x 2.3 ton stalk/ton paper = 0.46 million tons/yr
Cooking agent: 0.46 million t/yr x 22% = 0.1012 million tons/yr
Cooking catalyst: 0.46 million t/yr x 0.05% = 230 tons/yr
Bleaching agent: 0.46 million t/yr x 48% x 8% = 0.0177 million tons/yr
Bleaching activator: 0.46 million t/yr x 48% x 2% x 2 = 8832 tons/yr
Bleaching aids: 0.46 million t/yr x 48% x 3% x 2 = 13248 tons/yr
0.46 million t/yr x 48% x1.5% x 2 = 6624 tons/yr
0.46 million t/yr x 48% x 0.05% x 2 = 220.8 tons/yr

Demand of water, electricity, coal:
Water: 0.2 million t/yr x 250 tons water/ton paper = 50 million t water/yr
Coal: 0.2 million t/yr x 1.8 ton coal/ton paper = 0.36 million t coal/yr
Electricity: 0.2 million t/yr x 1900 Kwh/h/t paper = 380 million Kwh/h/yr
Steam: 0.2 mio t/yr x 6 t steam/t paper : 300 days:24 h = 166.7 t Steam/hour
Felt: 0.2 million t/yr x 0.45 kg felt/ton paper = 90 tons/yr
Plastic wire: 0.2 million t/yr x 0.45m2 wire/ton paper = 0.09 million m2/yr

Appendix 12
Approximate cost of TCF bleached paper of per ton by soda-catalyst cooking

Consumption quota per item Air-dried pulpConsumption quota Unit price Money (Yuan)
Yuan=ton Yuan/Kwh TCF
Hemp whole stem(moisture content: 20.02%)   2.3 tons 400   920
Cooking agent: NaOH   506 kg 1630   825
Catalyst: S   1.15 kg 23000   26.45
Bleaching agent H2O2 88.32 kg (Thickness 100%) 2100 (Thickness 35%)   530
  Hypochlorite        
NaOH 33.12 kg 1630   54
MgSo4 1.104 kg 1500   1.7
Activator TX 44.16 kg 1500   66.24
Water 250 t 0.3   75
Electrical power 1900      
Coal 1.8 t 240   432
Pay and supplementary wages        
Plant management       150
Production cost Yuan/ton       4275.39
Tax Yuan/ton       700
Sale cost Yuan/ton       4975.39
Selling price Yuan/ton       7000
Profits Yuan/ton       2024.61
Annual output value       14
Annual profits       4.049
Annual tax       1.4

Appendix 13
Annual loss and profit sheet

First to fifth year Amount of money unit: 10’000 Yuan CNY
Year First year Second yr Third year Fourth yr Fifth yr
Dominant Business Income 144’000.00 147’000.00 147,000.00 140’000.00 140’000.00
Dominant business cost 90’000.00 101’000.00 99’000.00 94’400.00 95’200.00
Dominant business tax 5’760.00 5’880.00 5’880.00 5’600.00 5’600.00
Dominant business profit 23’55.00 26’500.00 26’400.00 25’800.00 26’420.00
Adding: other business profit 25’500.00 26’500.00 26’400.00 25’800.00 26’420.00
Reducing Management cost 8’000.00 6’000.00 3’500.00 6’200.00 6’100.00
Business cost 1’000.00 800.00 700.00 600.00 500.00
Finance cost 1’500.00 2’000.00 2’000.00 2’200.00 2’100.00
Business profit 61’240.00 57’820.00 59’320.00 56’800.00 56’920.00
Adding: grant aid income   3’608.00 3’637.00 3’737.00 3’589.00
Reducing expenditure beside business 500.00 200.00 100.00 100.00 80.00
Profit before tax: 60’740.00 61’228.00 62’857.00 60’433.00 60’429.00
Reducing tax on income 20’044.00 20’205.24 20’742.81 19’942.89 19’941.57
Net profit after tax 40’695.90 41’022.76 42’114.19 40’490.11 40’487.43

Appendix 14
Expected cash flow sheet

  First five years Unit of amount of money: million yuan CNY
First yr Second yr Third yr Fourth yr Fifth yr
1) Cash flow of business activity, received cash of services and sale of goods, refund of taxation 165’000.00 168’000.00 170’000.00 164’000.00 161’200.00
Cash payment of purchasing goods and receiving service, all taxes of payment   3’600.00 3’630.00 3’730.00 3’580.00
Net amount of cash flow for business activity 663’000.00 68’800.00 72’530.00 69’830.00 66’440.00
4) Produced cash flow of investment activity          
Received cash of recovering investment          
Payment cash of purchasing and setting up fixed assetsInvisible assets 180’000.00   200.00    
Net amount of cash flow produced by investment activity 180’000.00 0 -200.00 0 0
3) Cash flow produced by raising funds activity          
Received cash by absorbing investment 84’760.00        
Received cash by getting loan 30’000.00     6’000.00  20’000.00
Cash payment by paying a debt   5’000.00 3’000.00   3’000.00
Cash payment by distributing dividend profit and paying interest 400’000.00  1’500.00 2’000.00 6’000.00  8’000.00
Cash payment by distributing dividend profit distributing 114’360.20  -6’500.00  -5’000.00  4’000.00  9’000.00
4) Affection of fluctuations in exchange rate of cash -200.00 -100.00 -80.00 -90.00 -280.00
5) Net increase in amount of cash and cash equivalent 460.20  62’200.00 67’250.00 69’740.00  75’160.00

Appendix 15
Annual assets indebted sheet

 First five years Unit of amount of money: million yuan CNY
Item and year  First year  Second yr Third yr Fourth yr Fifth year
Asset          
Asset accrued          
Monetary capital 2’000.00 2’000.00 2’000.00 2’000.00 2’000.00
Accounts receivable bill and monetary 5’000.00 13’000.00 25’000.00 14’500.00 6’000.00
Existing stock 20’000.00 50’000.00 72’000.00 35’000.00 27’000.00
Asset accrued totalFixed assets net value 27’000.00 65’000.00 99’000.00 51’500.00 35’000.00
Immaterial capital 25’500.00 230000.00 210’000.00 260’000.00 280’000.00
Asset amount 3’000.00 3’000.00 3’000.00 3’000.00 3’000.00
Against us carry a load of debt and shareholder equity amount 284’000.00 298’000.00 312’000.00 314’500.00 318’000.00
Cash liabilities          
Money borrowed for short time          
Account payable interline 10’000.00 5’000.00 2’000.00 8’000.00 5’000.00
Bills payable 5’000.00 3’000.24 5’489.25 12’795.80  
Dutiable 8’000.00 4’0000.00 5’000.00 9’000.00 8’000.00
Cash liabilities total 20’600.00 3’577.00 4’000.00 4’200.00 4’400.00
Long term liabilities 44’600.00 17’577.24 17’989.05 35’795.80 29’295.80
Long term loan          
Long term payable 20’000.00 20’000.00 20’000.00 20’000.00 40’000.00
Long term liability total 50’000.00 50’0000.00 20’000.00 10’000.00 20’000.00
Liability amount total 70’000.00 70’000.00 40’000.00 30’000.00 60’000.00
Shareholder earning yield          
Called up Capital 128’704.20 128’704.20 128’704.20 128’704.20 128’704.20
Earning retained 40’695.80 81’718.56 125’306.75 120’000.00 100’000.00
Shareholder earning yield amount total 169’400.00 210’422.76 254’010.95 248’704.20 228’704.20
Liability and shareholder earningYield amount total 284’000.00 298’000.00 312’000.00 314’500.00 318’000.00
Update Wednesday 8 October 2003 13:01, published Wednesday 8 October 2003 12:26

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